Today is one of the main concerns of organizations and manufacturing companies, how to supply raw materials. Some consumer materials are imported, and each buy the materials within the country through more intermediaries and prices. For example, in the hand-made rug industry, given that large volumes of production products are silk-made rugs, and because the amount of silk production inside Iran is not the response of the industry’s annual needs, most production companies use imported silk. But most of these companies buy the silk they need individually and decentralized and through mediums and at high prices, leading to an increase in production costs.

Although the issue of how to buy in the Iranian-made rug industry and other domestic industries has become a major problem, today, in most of the world’s major organizations and corporations, buying has become a strategic game as an effective role. That’s because the right strategy is used to buy. Therefore, in this section, there are some tips on making the right purchase and solution to the problems of domestic producers.

Two basic buying methods in organizations or manufacturing companies are focused buying methods and decentralized buying methods:

1- Concentrated shopping: a purchase made by the total logistics unit. When the needs of different companies are similar, such companies are close together and in a geographical area. In these circumstances, several companies can buy one or two people in coordination and buy one place and directly.

2-Buy ¬ decentralized: a purchase made individually and decentralized by any company if the geographical dispersion of companies, and the same as the goods required by any company.

According to the above description, several manufacturing companies that focus on a geographical area and produce similar goods can form a group and perform their raw materials through centralized purchases and make sufficient use of this type of purchase. For example, as manufacturing companies of the hand-made rug industry live in a geographical area, and they all need the same raw materials as silk, they can do their shopping in a focused and group-oriented way.

Some of the benefits of centralized shopping are:

in the use of the human force

Saving costs related to purchase and transport

save time

to get discounts in large amounts

Analysis of Market Risks

The price reduction of the finished commodity by removing intermediaries and thus improving productivity and financial performance

is the central purchase of raw materials as follows:

1-Conclusive centralized shopping network: As the first step for centralized buying operations, manufacturers who wish to buy the same raw materials are centralized and not; bonded, formed a team and act as a logistics unit.

2- Selection of raw materials sales: After the establishment of a shopping network by manufacturers, the selection of a sales source or supplier via embassies, Chamber of Commerce, the review of books, magazines and catalogs ¬s, or the Internet.

3 – Sales terms demand: In any foreign purchases, the terms of sales of sellers such as price, pay conditions, the delivery time is essential for any sales source.

4- negotiation: At this stage, which is usually discussed about price setting, the issue of discounts is also important. At this stage, if the results of the negotiation were positive, the next stage of the purchase is to be made, otherwise it will return again from the second phase, the selection of the sales source.

5 – Proferma: Proferma or pre-agents include the terms proposed by the seller such as the full profile of the name and address of the seller and buyer, type of goods, unit weight, total price, payment terms, date of credit, country of origin and destination, the time of transport and delivery of goods;

6- Set the contract: the purchase contract is signed after the negotiation between the buyer and seller and a definite decision to buy and sell. In the purchase contract, the duties of each party are determined and not;

7 – The legal authorization of entry of materials and the opening of credit by the bank: This stage is related to the opening of documents that the buyer has provided documentation to the bank for the application of credit opening, and the bank of the credit process is also valid after careful and quick examination of the applicant’s documents;

8 – Sending raw materials by the seller to the buyer’s country: This stage, which includes transporting goods and not; is accepted according to the cases listed in the contract.

9 – Entry of raw materials to the country and its clearance from Customs

10 – carrying raw materials from customs to buyer store

&

The summarised research in the Journal of Economics – No. 16

Complete article in the Journal of Business Review – No. 84 and 85